The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) published the 5G Annual Report for 2021. This report derives both from research undertaken internally within the Authority, and from a survey sent out to stakeholders in the sector who are members of the 5G Forum. It sets out to ascertain the current state of the 5G landscape in the country, examining the status of current infrastructure and its readiness, identifying the associated spectrum requirements and challenges, and examining use cases and opportunities that may facilitate the deployment and uptake of 5G networks in the service of national economic development and social upliftment. Additionally, the report aims to assist in establishing a baseline position for the development of 5G infrastructure and services across the country.